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The Module Is Not the Rail: Rethinking DPI in Africa
Digital identity, payments and data exchange are shared capabilities. Regional DPI works only when they are composed around lawful Digital Public Functions with accountable institutions, authoritative records, validation and remedy.
Ott Sarv
May 6


GovStack Modularity and Trust Frameworks: Executive Summary
GovStack building blocks can support reuse, but trust-layer modularity must be more than software assembly. Trust services need legality gates, service contracts, evidence artefacts and inspection hooks before scale.
Ott Sarv
Mar 1


Business Wallet as Economic Infrastructure for National Governments
Business Wallets can become economic infrastructure when they reduce the unit cost of cross-border trust through verifiable business attributes, lawful authority, mandate gating and enforceable safeguards.
Ott Sarv
Feb 25
Download The Seven Layer Model for Digital Public Infrastructure
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